魔芋胶、卡拉胶与黄原胶复配胶的特性及在肉丸中的应用

主要研究了魔芋胶、κ-卡拉胶与黄原胶复配胶的凝胶特性及在肉丸中的应用效果。通过实验证明,影响复配胶凝胶强度的因素和最佳条件是:魔芋胶、κ-卡拉胶与黄原胶的最佳配比为1.3∶1∶0.3;复配胶的总胶浓度为0.6%,且总胶浓度越高,凝胶强度越高;钾离子在较大程度上能影响复配胶的凝胶强度,氯化钾的浓度控制在0.12%,浓度过高会影响口感,浓度过低则会影响凝胶强度;磷酸盐的浓度与凝胶强度成反比;氯化钠的浓度在0.9%最效果最佳;热处理是复配胶形成凝胶的必需条件,复配胶液保持在恒温90℃,恒温加热时间为20min。并最终通过工艺优化得出最适肉丸的加工条件,总胶浓度为0.6%、淀粉添加量为10%,肉糜擂溃时间为15min,水浴加热成型温度为50℃,时间为15min,杀菌煮制温度90℃,时间为20min。     

The Effect of Formulation on Radioiodide Thyroid Uptake in the Hyperthyroid Cat

This investigation was designed to compare in vitro dissolution profiles from sodium iodide capsules with radioiodide thyroid uptake in hyperthyroid cats using sodium iodide capsules prepared with a formulation exhibiting a complete release of radioiodide (I-123) in vitro and a formulation with an incomplete release of radioiodide. In vitro dissolution profiles for I-123 sodium iodide capsules with two different formulations were determined using the USP XXIII dissolution test. The two formulations studied in vitro were sodium phosphate dibasic powder with 1% magnesium stearate and calcium phosphate dibasic powder with 3% magnesium stearate. By 20 min after initiation of the dissolution test, over 95% of the I-123 was released from capsules of sodium phosphate dibasic powder. The capsules of calcium phosphate dibasic powder reached 75% at 65 min, with no further release occurring thereafter. There was a statistically significant difference in the dissolution profiles of the two formulations. The thyroid uptake of I-123 from capsules exhibiting complete release and incomplete release of radioiodide was determined in hyperthyroid cats. At 4 hr, the mean percentage thyroid uptake value for sodium phosphate dibasic powder with 1% magnesium stearate (complete release formulation) was 12.0% compared to 9.4% for calcium phosphate dibasic powder with 3% magnesium stearate (incomplete release formulation); at 24 hr, the values were 34.4% compared to 23.7%. The data suggest that the incomplete dissolution profile observed in vitro may correlate with a reduction in the bioavailability of the radioiodide in vivo. However, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, statistically significant differences did not occur between the complete release formulation and incomplete release formulation at either 4 hr or 24 hr (p >. 05). The results of the in vivo study with five hyperthyroid cats were not conclusive due to the variability in response between individual cats.     

Development of Novel Interpenetrating Network Gellan Gum-Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel Microspheres for the Controlled Release of Carvedilol

Novel interpenetrating polymeric network microspheres of gellan gum and poly(vinyl alcohol) were prepared by the emulsion cross-linking method. Carvedilol, an antihypertensive drug, was successfully loaded into these microspheres prepared by changing the experimental variables such as ratio of gellan gum:poly(vinyl alcohol) and extent of cross-linking in order to optimize the process variables on drug encapsulation efficiency, release rates, size, and morphology of the microspheres. Formation of interpenetrating network and the chemical stability of carvedilol after preparing the microspheres was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction studies were made on the drug-loaded microspheres to investigate the crystalline nature of the drug after encapsulation. Results indicated a crystalline dispersion of carvedilol in the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the spherical nature and smooth surface morphology of the microspheres produced. Mean particle size of the microspheres as measured by laser light scattering technique ranged between 230 and 346 µm. Carvedilol was successfully encapsulated up to 87% in the polymeric matrices. In vitro release studies were performed in the simulated gastric fluid or simulated intestinal fluid. The release of carvedilol was continued up to 12 h. Dynamic swelling studies were performed in the simulated gastric fluid or simulated intestinal fluid, and diffusion coefficients were calculated by considering the spherical geometry of the matrices. The release data were fitted to an empirical relation to estimate the transport parameters. The mechanical properties of interpenetrating polymeric networks prepared were investigated. Network parameters such as molar mass between cross-links and cross-linking density for interpenetrating polymeric networks were calculated.     

A new X-ray contrast agent based on highly stable gum arabic-gold nanoparticles synthesised in deep eutectic solvent

This paper reports a novel method of fabricating gum arabic coated gold nanoparticles (GA-GNPs) synthesised in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) for use as a new X-ray contrast agent. GA-GNPs were prepared simply by mixing a solution of 0.01% DES, GA and tetra chloroauric (III) acid at room temperature. DES was prepared using choline chloride (ChCl), gallic acid and glycerol as the precursors. A complete characterisation study of GA-GNPs was undertaken using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, X-ray diffraction analysis. In vitro study of the as-prepared GA-GNPs revealed the high potential of these nanoparticles as X-ray contrast agents. Compared with the common clinically available CT contrast agent, Visipaque, the synthesised GA-GNPs showed more than three fold X-ray attenuation coefficient. GA-GNPs were found to be remarkably stable in biological media. The development of such nontoxic, biocompatible nanostructures could be an advancement in diagnostic nanomedicine.     

κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶复配胶的流变性能及其微观结构研究

研究κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶(质量比为5.5:4.5)复配胶的流变特性,考察剪切速率、振动频率和温度等对复配胶流变特性的影响。研究结果表明:30℃时复配胶的储能模量G′高于κ-卡拉胶和魔芋胶单体胶的储能模量G′,其损耗模量G"低于κ-卡拉胶的损耗模量G",复配胶的凝胶性质更加明显。随着温度的升高,复配胶体系的G′始终大于G",具有典型黏弹性流体的特性。结构分析表明κ-卡拉胶与魔芋胶之间具有较好的协同作用,通过分子间氢键形成了以κ-卡拉胶网络结构为主,魔芋胶穿插其中的交联网络体系。     

Optimisation of probiotic yoghurt production containing Zedo gum

A Box‐Behnken design was applied to optimise the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum in probiotic yoghurt containing a novel exudative Zedo gum. The effect of incubation temperature, probiotic inoculation rate, storage time and Zedo gum concentration on quality indices of the yoghurt were explored. With respect to probiotics viability, probiotic inoculation rate was the most important factor followed by the storage time. Zedo gum did not show any significant effect on probiotics viability. The optimum conditions of probiotic yoghurt production were as follows: probiotic inoculation level, 12.8 g/100 kg of milk; incubation temperature, 41.6 °C; and Zedo gum concentration, 0.13%.     

阳离子化天然聚糖在造纸工业应用研究进展

天然聚糖类物质是地球上储量丰富的可再生资源,具有廉价易得、可降解和低污染等诸多优点,在解决人类所面临的能源和环境问题有着重要的意义。将储量丰富的天然聚糖类物质,如纤维素、半纤维素、淀粉、瓜尔胶、壳聚糖等进行改性应用是现代工业发展的必然趋势,如何开发高效的改性天然聚糖类物质是当前研究的热点。目前研究和使用较多的是阳离子化天然聚糖类物质,本文介绍了阳离子改性天然高分子的研究近况,主要分析了纤维素、半纤维素、淀粉、瓜尔胶、壳聚糖等自然界天然聚糖类物质阳离子化的应用现状和发展趋势。     

大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶冷致共混凝胶控释核黄素性能的研究

通过葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)冷致诱导热变性大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶(LBG)共混溶液形成凝胶,并对凝胶微结构、粘弹流变性、硬度性质、在模拟肠胃液中的溶胀性能及对核黄素的控释特性进行了分析研究。结果表明随多糖浓度的增加冷致凝胶微结构由蛋白连续相转变为多糖连续相形貌。添加多糖为0.05%~0.15%(m/V)范围时,伴随粘弹模量和硬度值呈增加趋势,随多糖量增加至0.25%(m/V)时凝胶硬度由峰值的46.7 g降低到38.2 g。凝胶弹性模量及硬度越大,随润涨时间延长,在模拟胃液中体积正向溶胀越大,而在模拟肠液中体积负向溶胀(即消减)愈小。荷载核黄素的共混凝胶在模拟胃液和肠液中的缓释性能与共混凝胶弹性模量及硬度值、微结构均一性及孔隙尺度呈正相关关系。     

超声增容对大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶冷致凝胶性质的影响

通过超声处理大豆11S蛋白-刺槐豆胶共混溶液,并随后添加葡萄糖酸内酯(GDL)冷致酸化制备刺槐豆胶增强大豆11S蛋白共混复合凝胶材料。结果表明,与对照样相比,经47.5 W功率超声强度处理4 min后,共混凝胶的强度有显著提高,且刺槐豆胶分散相所占孔隙率和平均孔隙直径分别降低了50.6%和34.6%。随超声处理功率的增加,孔隙率和孔隙直径进一步降低,表明有效改善了刺槐豆胶与大豆11S蛋白的相容性。共混凝胶强度随超声处理功率增加呈先增加后降低趋势,且超声处理样共混凝胶强度均大于对照样。     

汽油清净剂对汽油氧化安定性的影响

 考察了汽油清净剂对汽油氧化安定性的影响。方差分析表明，加剂汽油洗后胶质和洗前胶质主要影响因素均为汽油清净剂，其次为汽油；而加剂汽油诱导期主要影响因素为汽油，汽油清净剂影响较小。加剂汽油诱导期与空白汽油诱导期之间呈线性关系。随着加剂浓度的增加，胶质和诱导期均呈线性关系变化。清净剂加入汽油中，洗前胶质显著增加，为8.3~39.7 mg/100 mL，为空白汽油的2.5~42倍；洗后胶质普遍下降，下降率为15.0%~83.3%；诱导期变化幅度为-9.0%~14.0%。在选用清净剂时，通常选用对诱导期影响小，洗后胶质下降率大的清净剂。